Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities

SECURITY GOVERNANCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE NATIONAL POLICE

2024-01-28T08:54:16-06:00

Security governance draws on the principles of good governance and state law enforcement with a vital feature of good law enforcement, as a major role of the police institution. This study examined security governance practices and their influence on law enforcement by Kenya National Police “in Nairobi City County. The” following objectives guided the study; the impact of organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement on law enforcement by the National Police in Kenya. The conclusions and recommendations of the research aimed at strengthening security governance to allow the National Police Service to value and preserve human integrity and to preserve and safeguard the civil rights of all individuals as the country was moving towards the fulfillment of Kenya's Vision 2030.” The institutional theory of Police and legitimacy theory were examined to anchor the study. The study adopted a cross-sectional design in nature owing to its in-depth examination of the role of government in law enforcement in Kenya.” As Per the Kenya National Police Data used in the study, 548 senior police officers were used as subjects for the report. This study surveyed 226 senior police officers in Kenya, who were allocated proportionally to the eight administrative regions and formations. Data was collected using questionnaires and supplemented by interviews. The data was coded, interpreted, evaluated, and synthesized, and the study found that organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement all had a positive influence on law enforcement in Kenya. Together, these variables contributed to law enforcement by the Kenya National Police Service. “The study recommended that the Kenya National Police Service adopt favorable leadership practices, establish clear promotion policies, and promote effective communication to enhance the effectiveness and better administration of the service. The study also recommended that the internal and external regulatory structures of the Kenya National Police Service work together to ensure accountability to citizens, that operational planning and “management should be independent, and that the service should prioritize citizen participation to achieve a safer and more secure country while respecting human life.

EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ARID AND SEMI ARID LANDS (ASAL) POLICY ON DROUGHT RESILIENCE IN WAJIR COUNTY, KENYA

2024-01-28T08:57:54-06:00

The study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of the ASAL policy on drought resilience in Wajir County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. It sampled 398 respondents drawn from a population of 127932 households in Wajir County. In addition, 20 key informants within the Wajir population were also purposively sampled. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS Ver.28. The researcher's exclusive focus was on academics; as such, they must act with the utmost professionalism and be mindful of the ethical concerns stated above. The insights of the Wajir people on the impact of drought management reflected the progress made in Drought Response Plans (DRP) and the effect on their livelihood. Hence, by carrying out this study, it was possible to determine the policy capacity of county Governments to successfully implement their various DRPs meant to cultivate drought resilience practices among communities in the county. The study established a coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.626, implying that the combination of financial allocation, stakeholder engagement, and mitigation measures implementation accounted for 62.6% of the variation in drought resilience in Wajir County, Kenya. The adjusted R-squared of 0.614 further indicated that, in the exclusion of the constant variable, financial allocation, stakeholder engagement and mitigation measures implementation jointly explained 61.4% of the variation in drought resilience. The study also found a significant and positive relationship between financial allocation and drought resilience (β = 0.221, p = 0.005 < 0.05), the results showed that there existed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between stakeholder engagement and drought resilience (β = 0.103, p = 0.244 > 0.05). Finally, the study found a significant and strong positive relationship between mitigation measures implementation and drought resilience (β = 0.483, p = 0.000 < 0.05). On the basis of the findings, the study concluded that the perceived inadequacy of funds directly affects the county's ability to enact critical drought resilience activities such as the development of water infrastructure, livestock programs, and community-based initiatives. The study also concluded that stakeholder engagement does exist in Wajir County, but is significantly skewed towards governmental bodies. The study thus recommended that the county government of Wajir should seek additional funding avenues, which should include grants, public-private partnerships, or aid from international organizations.

EFFECT OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ON THE UTILITY OF THE BLUE ECONOMY OF THE INDIAN OCEAN

2024-02-02T20:10:35-06:00

The Indian Ocean has huge economic value and potential in terms of exploration of offshore gas and oil, short and deep-sea shipping, marine aquatic products, aquaculture and fisheries, blue biotechnology and ocean renewable energy. There is considerable amount of literature on the place and relevance of community involvement in the management of the blue economy. Provision of opportunities to the local people is essential in curbing rebellion of blue economy projects. Thus, involvement of coastal communities is at the heart of maritime security. The findings of the study revealed that Indian Ocean had huge blue economy potential in terms of provision of livelihoods to the coastal people in addition to the investment opportunities to several onshore and offshore businesses, such tourism, transport, mineral exploration, among others.

EFFECT OF PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-02-06T18:28:07-06:00

This study established the effects of project identification mechanism on performance of road infrastructure development projects in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Theory of Constraints. The study applied a mixed method approach to collect data from the target population of 199 spread out among 15 road infrastructure development projects in the country. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources and adopted a combination of descriptive survey research design and explanatory design. For primary data collection, both closed and open-ended questionnaire were used. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through the use of the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The study also made use of a structured interview process to get more insights on the research questions. The study mainly made use of descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics and specifically the Multi linear regression were used to test hypothesis. The analysis made use of statistical packages to analyse data and these were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found that project identification had a positive and significant influence on the performance of road projects in Kenya. The study concluded that project identification ensures that a project submitted for project approval is adequately designed and analysed within the project context. The study recommended that it was important to identify the problem to be dealt with concerning the project, the stakeholder to be involved, outline the project goals that are to be achieved and all the relevant project tasks crucial in achieving the results of the project.

EFFECT OF PROJECT FINANCING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-02-06T18:29:28-06:00

Road construction is an important aspect that drives the economy of the country and increases the productivity of the people since it acts as a linkage to various factors of production. However, successful implementation and ultimately performance of these projects requires immense resources that may not be readily available. To overcome the financial and expertise challenges, Governments across the world enter into strategic partnerships with the private sector to help put up such infrastructure. Unlike governments, private sector is out to maximize profits hence the need to charge some fees to enable them recoup their investment. This study therefore set to determine the impact of project financing on the performance of road infrastructure development projects in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource based view theory. The study applied a mixed method approach to collect data from the target population of 199 spread out among 15 road infrastructure development projects in the country. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources and adopted a combination of descriptive survey research design and explanatory design. For primary data collection, both closed and open-ended questionnaire were used. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through the use of the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The study also made use of a structured interview process to get more insights on the research questions. The study mainly made use of descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics and specifically the Multi linear regression were used to test hypothesis. The analysis made use of statistical packages to analyse data and these were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found that project financing had a positive and significant influence on the performance of road projects in Kenya. The study concluded that project financing increases the amount of financing available and lower the overall risk to acceptable levels for major project stakeholders. The study recommended that it is important to identify the problem to be dealt with concerning the project, the stakeholder to be involved, outline the project goals that are to be achieved and all the relevant project tasks crucial in achieving the results of the project. The study recommended that the organization should identify the right sources of project finance.

CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

2024-02-09T22:46:12-06:00

This theoretical analysis explores the concept of criminal punishment and its role in crime prevention and control. The study delved into various theoretical perspectives on punishment, examining its effectiveness in deterring crime, achieving justice, and rehabilitating offenders. By reviewing key literature and examining prominent theories, this analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between criminal punishment and crime prevention. This theoretical analysis examined crime prevention and control strategies from a Rwanda perspective. Drawing upon various theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this study explored the effectiveness of crime prevention programs and strategies implemented in Rwanda and their impact on reducing crime rates and promoting public safety. The analysis considered key factors such as community policing, social interventions, and criminal justice policies in Rwanda's unique socio-cultural and historical context. The findings shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of existing crime prevention approaches, offering insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and community stakeholders in Rwanda and beyond. Drawing on academic literature, official reports, and policy documents, the analysis investigated various crime prevention and control approaches, including situational crime prevention, social control theories, and community-based interventions. Furthermore, it examined the role of governmental institutions, community organizations, and international collaborations in implementing effective crime prevention strategies in Rwanda. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations underlying crime prevention and control efforts, highlighting their relevance and impact on reducing crime rates and enhancing societal well-being in Rwanda.

EVOLUTION OF TERROR ATTACKS AND RESPONSE BY KENYA SECURITY FORCES FROM 1998 TO 2020

2024-03-17T06:21:24-05:00

Over the last two decades, the manner in which terrorists have carried attacks in Kenya and beyond has evidently evolved. However, response by our security forces seems to have not evolved to match the ever-changing modus operandi of the terrorists. The attacks have evolved from simple bomb attacks, use of heavy mass bombs, missiles, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks (MTFAs), and many other forms. The main objective of the study was to examine evolution of terrorism attacks and response by the Kenyan Security Forces. The specific objectives were to investigate changes in the nature of terror attacks in Kenya from 1998 to the present, to evaluate the responses by Kenya security forces from 1998 to the present and to establish alternative methods of response during terror attacks. The study employs a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative research design. The goal was to collect data from various sources in order to gain a deeper understanding of their opinions, perspectives and attitudes in regard to the terror attacks in Kenya and how they have been responded to. The study’s target population was the Kenyan security agents. Structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to acquire qualitative data, while questionnaires were used to obtain numerical data. The study found that there were indeed tremendous changes in the nature of terror attacks since 1998. These changes ranged from the weapons used to the effectiveness of measures put in place after terror attacks. The study also found that various actions had been taken by the Kenya security forces in response to terror attacks since the 1998 US embassy bombing. These included enhanced communication and coordination during terror attacks, efficiency in responding to attacks, intelligence gathering and various counter terrorism strategies. The study further found alternative methods of response including the Introduction of anti-terror unit on standby in high-risk areas, improving multi-agency communication and coordination and the incorporation of technology in terror attacks. The study thus concluded that the Kenyan government can work towards a peaceful future by learning from the past and building on the successes and failures of previous efforts. The study recommended that the Kenyan security forces should set up counter-terrorism policies which would help to curb terrorism. Other recommendations from the study included; enhancing international cooperation, improving multi-agency communication and coordination, and community engagement.

WATER SCARCITY ROLE ON VIOLENT CONFLICTS AMONGST PASTORALIST COMMUNITIES IN TIATY SUB-COUNTY, BARINGO COUNTY KENYA

2024-04-10T13:40:25-05:00

This study delved into the intricate relationship between water scarcity and conflict dynamics within pastoralist communities, shedding light on the multifaceted factors that influence conflicts arising from resource scarcity. Through a comprehensive analysis of social, economic, and environmental dimensions, alongside conflict intensity and stakeholder involvement, the study seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of conflict drivers and inform effective mitigation strategies. The study’s theoretical framework was guided by the resource curse theory as well as the environmental scarcity theory. A descriptive research design was used and the target population for the study was 73,424 residents of Tiaty Sub County and through the use of multistage sampling, 156 respondents were chosen to participate in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Descriptive statistics were analysed and presented in percentages and frequencies while inferential statistics was analysed through the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings were presented in the form of tables. The researcher ensured careful ethical considerations. The correlation analysis to determine the effect of Social Factors on violent conflicts shows a significant correlation existed (r = 0.785, p < 0.05). Pearson’s correlations coefficient was higher than 0.5 suggestion a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study had also sought to determine the effect of economic factors and violent conflicts, the analysis yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.746, p < 0.05; indicating that a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study also sought to determine the effects of environmental factors on violent conflicts. The analysis yielded Pearson correlations coefficient is (r = 0.781, p< 0.05) to indicate a strong relationship between the two variables. Social Factors proved to have the highest positive correlation with Violent Conflicts It is evident that all the independent variables could explain the levels of Violent Conflicts in the region. Conflict and human security generating factors are closely intertwined. The prevalent conflicts and the declining environmental security in pastoral areas is a result of a combination of factors that include competition over scarce, vital natural resources. The situation is worsened by harsh climatic condition and ineffective management and utilization mechanisms.

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT SERVICES ON DEPRESSION REDUCTION OF PEOPLE WITH ALBINISM IN RWANDA

2024-04-10T13:41:49-05:00

Individuals living with albinism face unique challenges, including living situation, socioeconomic status, and the effectiveness of the health education on their mental well-being. Understanding the interplay of these factors and their impact on depression is crucial for developing targeted intervention and support systems for this vulnerable population. This study explored the complex relationship between these variables to improve the mental health outcomes of individuals with albinism in Rwanda. This study was guided by three specific objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda. To determine factors associated with depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda and to investigate the effectiveness of health educational sessions in increasing knowledge about depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda. The mixed methods study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design to assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda from September 2023, utilizing a survey questionnaire that included independent variables such as gender, age, religion, place of residence, socio-economic category, parental situation (living with parents or orphans), and health risk factors, including suicidal ideation. In addition, qualitative data were collected through individual interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions targeting depression within the study population. Logistic regression models were employed for the quantitative analyses to identify factors associated with depression. In the study involving 75 study population, all individuals were considered as respondents using census sampling technique and these were the people living with albinism beneficiaries of the Health Alerts Organization, a Rwandan non-profit organization. Most were young, female, and faced various life challenges. A significant majority experienced depression (69.33%), with occupation, literacy, socio-economic category, and facing challenges showing associations in bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that being in socio-economic category III was protective against depression (OR 0.11) while facing challenges substantially increased the odds (OR 48.15). Our study revealed a high prevalence of depression among individuals, particularly those dealing with life challenges. Occupation, literacy, socio-economic status, and challenges were linked to depression in our analysis. Socio-economic category III seemed protective, while challenges significantly increased risk. These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored interventions and support for mental health disparities, especially among vulnerable populations facing adversity. This study holds a significant importance for associations supporting individuals with albinism, providing insights into their mental health issues and specific support needs. Counsellors benefit from a clearer understanding of the psychological challenges faced by this group. Findings can aid the Ministry of Health in planning and potential legislation to address mental health concerns among individuals with albinism, while Ministry of Local Government can use them to develop a national social protection policy and enhance public awareness about the challenges faced by individuals with albinism.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF GOVERNMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-04-19T21:14:25-05:00

The research observed public participation on sustainability of the government funded projects. Descriptive research design was employed to establish the influence of public engagements on sustainability of the projects in Alego-Usonga sub- County. Targeted in the study were 103 respondents who included the Sub- County administrators, ward administrators, project managers, private contractors and project committee members who were targeted to provide information on behalf of the public. Also targeted were village administrators. Because of the small size of the population, the study conducted a census of the population. All the targeted respondents were administered with questionnaires and were given fourteen days to respond to questionnaires after which those responses were collected. The data was coded and analyzed through mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Tables, pie charts and bar graphs were then employed to present the collected data. The outcomes of the study displayed that most of the Alego-Usonga sub-county citizens’ that took part in the study were male, aged 33-49 years, married and had worked for the county Government for more than six years. The findings of the study depicted a weak positive relationship between public participation structures and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r=0.305, p=0.002). The regression model revealed that public participation structures was positively associated but non-significant with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=0.205, t=1.793, p=0.076). The results also displayed a weak negative relationship between public participation processes and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r= -0.314, p=0.002).The regression model also shows that public participation processes was negatively and significantly associated with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=-0.244, t=-2.285, p=0.025).Finally, outcomes also identified a moderate positive relationship between public-private partnerships and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r=0.412, p=0.000). The regression model also revealed that public-private partnerships was positively and significantly associated with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=0.320, t=2.820, p=0.006). Ethical considerations were taken into account and participants informed that the outcomes of the research were purely for academic purpose. The results of the study have an effect on county technocrats’, leaders’ and policy makers on the urge to expand and adopt appropriate components of public participation with the sole purpose of enhancing sustainability of Government funded-projects in the counties.

CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT BY PRIVATE SECURITY PROVIDERS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

2024-04-21T07:30:01-05:00

The study determined challenges of integrating surveillance technologies and security management by private security providers in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study utilized the Integrated System Theory of managing security information. The study adopted a descriptive research design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches in collecting and analyzing data which was then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study targeted private security providers in Nakuru County as unit of analysis. It also employed purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques to select 30 respondents from ten (10) private security providers from the three sub counties distributed among the five sectors of the economy. Interviews and FGDs as well questionnaire were used in the collecting data. Findings indicated that inadequate networks and infrastructure presented additional difficulties for private security companies. Additionally, private security companies faced challenges such improper outcome analysis, corruption, and police intervention during investigations, which made it difficult to find the offenders and resulted in criminals operating freely on the streets. Similarly, security providers encounter technical difficulties such as complex security system installations carried out by unqualified individuals who lack the necessary knowledge and skills; frequent equipment breakdowns, blackouts, malfunctioning equipment, and shortage of qualified technicians. The study concluded that private security companies should use surveillance technologies to suit changing customer demands and keep up with changing crime trends; customers are satisfied with the functionalities of the surveillance technologies and that integrating surveillance technologies is not free of challenges. The study recommended that the police and private security personnel work together to respond to criminal activities and improve the use of surveillance technologies in incident response coordination.

INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES IN KENYA

2024-04-22T22:51:41-05:00

The adoption of an integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) has been promoted as Kenya’s best course of action for explaining the consequences of government embezzlements that have plagued the government’s operations since independence. Adopting an IFMIS streamline financial processes, improve management and sourcing practices within the government, and provide standard, accurate financial statements in real time. The goal is to reduce instances of unfair government behaviour, such as corruption and fraud, and ethical issues by promoting accountability and transparency. Despite the implementation of the system, instances of improper use of public funds and subpar performance by ministries continue to rise. This study aims to examine if the integrated financial management information system helps to increase the performance of government ministries in Kenya. Particularly it examines the effect of staff competence in IFMIS, resource allocation in IFMIS, internal control in IFMIS and system quality in IFMIS on the performance of government ministries in Kenya. The study was anchored on technological acceptance theory, systems theory and resource-based view theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted 6 selected government ministries. Stratified random sampling was deployed to gather information from operational staff, middle-level managers and top executives notably 384 participants across these groups. Data was collected primarily using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to analyse data. All ethical considerations were duly followed. The outcome yielded that staff competence in IFMIS significantly and positively affects the performance of government ministries; internal control in IFMIS insignificant yet positively affects the performance of government ministries; while a significant and positive effect of system quality in IFMIS on the performance of government ministries in Kenya was unravelled. The survey concludes that an integrated financial management information system has the potential to enhance the performance of government ministries in Kenya. The study advised that ministries should prioritize training programs to enhance the knowledge, skills, and competencies of their staff members. Training sessions should focus on areas relevant to their roles and responsibilities, such as financial management, technical skills, leadership, and communication. Continuous professional development opportunities would help staff members stay updated with industry best practices and improve their performance.

INFLUENCE OF PRIVACY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE IN ELGEYO MARAKWET COUNTY

2024-05-07T08:00:58-05:00

Technology-based service is now a must for both public and private enterprises in the changing, aggressive economic climate of modern globalized economy. The majority of devolved governments recently implemented e-Government platforms to enhance service delivery. These platforms enable residents, business associates, employees, other organizations and the government to receive information and services more quickly and at a lower cost. Due to the devolution of governmental duties, the County governments now have to deal with a huge debt load from former administrations as well as subpar revenue collection and service delivery methods. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of privacy on implementation of electronic governance in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study's direction was guided by Technological Acceptance Model. For the investigation, descriptive research was employed. The target population for the study consisted of 272 participants comprising of; 35 public administrators, 140 ward development committees, 7 public participation officers, 50 county assemblies and executives, 5 communication officers, 15 ICT officers, and 15 public administration officers and the General public as its target audience. Simple random sampling was employed to collect data from a sample size of 162 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect respondents’ information for this study. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation are all included in descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis and inferential correlations were used to determine the change in the dependent variable caused by the independent variables. Charts and tables were used to present the analyzed data. The results of the study showed that privacy was positively associated with implementation of electronic governance in Elgeyo Marakwet County (r=0.548; p=0.000). The study concluded that there is security of information while using technology in place used in the implementation of electronic governance in the county, also a policy framework and regulation has been developed by the County Government to support E-Governance. The study recommended that the County government should come up with clear are policy framework and regulation governing the use of innovation technology in the County.

CORPORATE IMAGE AS A RE-BRANDING PRACTICE IN ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND REGULATORY AUTHORITY (PPRA), KENYA

2024-05-09T06:43:11-05:00

In today’s Public Sector, branding and re-branding are crucial, unlike in previous years where it did not matter. Organizations worldwide have to come up with strategies to improve their day-to-day ways of doing things to improve organizational performance. Emerging trends have come up and taken over the old way of doing things and this has positively affected the level of performance in the public service and has brought about the rise in positive change. The public sector has been challenged to come up with efficient service delivery to bring customer satisfaction. It has not been left behind as the world becomes a global village. Restoring customer confidence and being more customer-focused is now emerging as a major priority. The government over a long time has had a distorted image in the way it performed. The study examined corporate image as a re-branding practice in enhancing organizational performance of the Kenyan Public Procurement Authority. A descriptive study research design was used. The target population was 10 top-level managers, 13 middle-level managers, and 73 staff of different cadres at PPRA, Kenya, and 30 external customers. The purposive sampling technique was used where a sample of 4 Directors, 6 Deputy Directors, 20 officers PPRA Kenya employees, and 15 external customers were chosen. Pilot testing was used to check the reliability of the tools that were used. The study found that corporate image has a statistically positive relationship with the performance at PPRA. As the corporate image improves, the performance of the organization improves and vice versa. The study recommends that PPRA should do regular evaluations of the corporate image to enable it to make improvements. Customers also should be involved in rebranding to enable them to own and support the brand.

MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY THE POLICE AS A COUNTER TERRORISM MEASURE IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-05-12T07:56:49-05:00

The study investigated the utilization of mobile phone technology by the National Police Service (NPS) in Nairobi City County (NCC) to combat the increasing threat of terrorism. With a notable gap in existing research on this topic, the purpose was to explore how mobile phone technology was employed within the NPS's counter-terrorism efforts. The objectives included assessing the extent of mobile technology adoption, identifying influencing factors, and understanding the challenges encountered by the NPS in utilizing this technology. Through a focused examination of the Anti-Terrorism Police Unit (ATPU) and specific mobile technologies utilized, the study sought to answer research questions pertaining to the extent, reasons, and limitations of the NPS's use of mobile phones for counter-terrorism. The study reviewed literature objectively with the aid of theories that included: Actor-Network Theory (ANT), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This study used a descriptive survey research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches to investigate the adoption of mobile phone technology by police officers in counterterrorism in NCC, Kenya. The target population of the study was police officers of all cadres from police constable to Gazetted officers based at ATPU. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 207 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The findings of the study revealed that police officers in NCC are aware of the benefits of using mobile phone technology in counterterrorism. However, there are a number of challenges that hinder the adoption of this technology, such as lack of training, lack of funding, and security concerns. The study recommends that the government should provide more training and funding to police officers so that they can effectively use mobile phone technology in counterterrorism. In conclusion, although moderate adoption exists, the full potential remains untapped. Factors influencing adoption were identified, including infrastructure, funding, training, collaboration, and policy support. Challenges like limited resources, technological barriers, and privacy concerns hinder optimal utilization. Recommendations focus on investment in infrastructure, securing adequate funding, and providing comprehensive training, fostering interagency collaboration, and addressing privacy concerns. These findings hold significant implications for stakeholders: Policymakers and law enforcement agencies can enhance counterterrorism efficiency and coordination by investing in technology and fostering collaboration. By addressing the recommendations, the safety and security of NCC and similar regions can be improved.

VIABILITY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN KENYA

2024-06-04T20:34:49-05:00

The purpose of this study was to establish the viability of public-private partnerships in Kenya: a case of Nairobi express-way cost-benefit analysis. Specifically, the study examines the costs and benefit analysis of the Nairobi Expressway Public private partnership project to the government, costs and benefit analysis of the Nairobi Expressway Public private partnership project to the users and assessing how risk distribution among stakeholders affect the Nairobi expressway Public private partnership project. The theoretical basis for this study is resource dependency theory. Descriptive research methods, including the use of visual aids to clarify the data distribution was used to collect and evaluate event data in this study. This research investigated a target population of 1200 persons. The study used a sample size of 120 people. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect. The Cronbach's alpha procedures were used to assess the instruments' reliability. The reliability of a research instrument was judged according to whether or not the coefficient is 0.70 or higher. A larger absolute value indicates greater consistency across the spectrum. The researcher's supervisor will do a thorough assessment of the tool. Descriptive statistics was used to analyses quantitative data is made easier with the help of SPSS. Frequency tables, bar graphs, and pie charts were used to illustrate the results. In order to safeguard the rights and confidentiality of the participants, the study will publicly address ethical concerns. The researcher asked for written consent by respondents. The significance, goals, length, voluntary nature, at will withdrawal, privacy and confidentiality protections, and point of contact for queries and concerns will all be explained to the participants. The study findings revealed that cost benefit analysis to government had positive significant effect on changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya. The findings also indicated that cost benefit analysis to users have positive effect in changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya. Again, the result indicates that Risk distribution among stakeholders had a positive effect on changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya.

COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS’ CONTRIBUTION TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT IN KISUMU COUNTY KENYA

2024-06-08T20:50:33-05:00

The wave of Covid-19 brought a shock that harmed the worldwide economic system, disrupting the usual way of life. The inadequacy of governments to offer critical services necessitates the call for this gap to be filled by other non-governmental stakeholders like community-based organizations (CBOs). Self-initiated projects such as creating pandemic attention to minimize the scourge of the virus and offering different material help are a means through which CBOs can attain this task. Strategic Nyakach (SN) is the biggest, most active CBO with initiatives that have addressed various demanding situations within Nyakach Sub-County. This research analyzed the contribution of CBOs to promote community standards during the covid-19 pandemic in Kenya. The research used the Collective action theory, and resource Mobilization theory. The analysis sampled Nyakach Sub-County purposely as the place of study. Descriptive research layout and purposive stratified random sampling with varying proportion in line with stratum was applied and, 100 citizens of Nyakach Sub County were randomly selected for the reason of gathering the statistics required. For statistics instruments, the study used questionnaires and interview schedules. A Pilot study was done to test efficacy and dependability of the instruments. 5 non-randomly selected respondent residents of Nyakach Sub-county participated in the pilot study, carried out in 2022. Bar charts, figures and tables were used for visual comparison of frequencies. The qualitative non-coded statistics from the family respondents and KII interviews was thematically analyzed alongside the set objectives to present credence to the voices of the respondents. The researcher ensured that ethical concepts were followed and the respondents were privy to their rights. Study permit was sought from Kenyatta University and NACOSTI. Ministry of health Covid-19 pointers were followed throughout the study. The research findings identified the partnership interventions put in place by Strategic Nyakach CBO and other stakeholders and its impact in managing the pandemic. However, the study found that despite the great efforts and the positive impact it had on the locals, the Financial Aid Department was unable to meet the large support need due to the large financial support needed for the project. This calls for intrinsic partnerships with agencies in various governmental and humanitarian fields to achieve this goal.

ESTABLISHING SERVICE STANDARDS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY

2024-06-09T04:09:09-05:00

There has been a growing concern among the public regarding the government's inability to provide reliable services, leading to customer dissatisfaction. Although the measurement of customer satisfaction has been the topic of numerous studies in the commercial sector, more research is required in the public sector. In order to reduce poverty, improve livelihoods, maintain good governance, and enhance service quality for better service delivery, this study examines the effect of establishing service standards on customer satisfaction within the Kenya Revenue Authority and the Customs and Border Control Department. This study adopted a descriptive research design to characterize traits of customers who have received services from the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) Customs Systems. The study targeted clearing agents, importers, exporters, and transporters who interacts frequently with KRA Customs Systems. A disproportionate stratified sampling technique was employed to ensure representative sampling across various subgroups. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire featuring both closed and open-ended questions, facilitating detailed and comprehensive data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data and assess the impact of business process performance (BPP) on customer satisfaction (CS), while inferential statistics were employed to draw conclusions and test hypotheses regarding the relationships between customer satisfaction and the establishment of service standards. The study concluded that there exists a positive, significant, and strong relationship between setting service standards and customer satisfaction within the organization.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND THEIR EFFECT ON STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AT ISUZU EAST AFRICA

2024-06-09T12:04:12-05:00

This study focused on identifying corporate governance practices and their effect on strategic plan implementation at Isuzu East Africa. Dynamic capability theory, agency theory and stakeholder theory were used to guide the study. The research was conducted at Isuzu East Africa, a private manufacturing company and respondents were employees working in the organization. IEA had a total of 474 employees and the targeted sample size was 30% of the total, equivalent to 143 employees. Descriptive research design that is cross sectional and stratified random sampling was used when collecting responses. A questionnaire was used for data collection and both close and open ended questions were used. The questionnaires were administered to employees online through google forms. A 5-point Linkert scale was used for close ended questions. The research instrument was tested to ensure reliability and validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Responses were kept anonymous to ensure confidentiality of information given by participants of the study. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS and relationship between the various variables determined using correlation and regression analysis. The study found that there was statistically significant relationship between change management, resource management and risk control and strategic plan implementation. The research concluded that resource management had the greatest impact on strategic plan implementation. The study recommended that organizations adopt practices that positively affect implementation of their strategic objectives. Organizations need to maintain a score card of their change management, resource management and risk control strategies to ensure they are aligned to achieve effective implementation. Additional research should be conducted in organizations in different sectors to determine the corporate governance practices most critical for their strategic plan implementation and other variables such as communication and organization structure studied.

INITIATIVES AIMED AT INCREASING THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE TECH INDUSTRY IN RWANDA AND THEIR IMPACT ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2024-06-17T03:57:37-05:00

This research paper explores the initiatives undertaken in Rwanda to increase women's participation in the tech industry thirty years after the Tutsi genocide. The paper examines the impact of these initiatives on social and economic development in Rwanda, highlighting the progress made and the challenges that remain. Rwandan women have achieved significant milestones across various sectors, including politics, entrepreneurship, education, peacebuilding, and professions traditionally dominated by men. With over 60% representation in parliament, Rwandan women play a pivotal role in shaping the country's legislative agenda, while women-led startups and enterprises contribute to innovation and economic growth. Gender parity in education has empowered women with skills and opportunities, with girls outnumbering boys in secondary and tertiary education and excelling in Science, Technology, Engineering and Technology (STEM) subjects. Women's leadership in peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts has been instrumental in healing Rwanda's wounds from the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, fostering unity and social cohesion. Additionally, women's accomplishments in the military, law enforcement, diplomacy, and the arts showcase Rwanda's commitment to gender equality and diversity, inspiring future generations and contributing to the nation's socio-economic development. In conclusion, Rwanda's women have made remarkable strides across various sectors, contributing significantly to the nation's socio-economic development and global recognition. Their achievements underscore Rwanda's commitment to gender equality, diversity, and inclusive growth, serving as a beacon of inspiration for other nations striving for progress and empowerment. To further advance women's empowerment and gender equality in Rwanda, it is imperative to continue investing in initiatives that promote women's participation in leadership roles, entrepreneurship, and STEM education. Strengthening mentorship programs, providing access to financing, and implementing policies that address cultural barriers will be essential in creating a more inclusive and equitable society.

TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLIGENCE LED POLICING IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-06-23T14:57:00-05:00

This study evaluated the determinants of use of technology in intelligence policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Ratcliffe Model were relied on in this study. The research design used was descriptive, with the populace being the DCI department in Nairobi City County comprising of 175 staff from 13 sub departments. The sample was 91 respondents drawn from the target population through stratified sampling. Data was sourced utilizing questionnaires. Additionally, questionnaire was tested to ascertain the validity and reliability. Reliability was done based on the Cronbach’s alpha whose threshold was 0.70 and from the results all variables were reliable. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Based on the regression output in performance expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.807 while the p value is .003 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output perceived credibility has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 1.025 while the p value is .000 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output, effort expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.318 while the p value is .043 which indicates significance. Based on the regression output facilitating conditions has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.616 while the p value is .020 which indicates significance. The research concluded that technology has a significant effect on intelligence led policing in Kenya specifically in crime investigations. Specifically the study concludes that performance expectancy, perceived credibility, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions of technology have significant and positive effect on the intelligence led policing and crime investigation process. Based on the findings, the study recommended that there should be adequate security features in the technology used in intelligence policing and crime investigations. Secondly the study recommends that DCIO should invest more in the upgrading of its investigative systems and technologies to simplify investigation processes. The study also recommended the improvement of computer crime mapping systems to help in intelligence policing. Finally the study recommended that the investigative agencies should recruit more confidential informants as they are very vital in intelligence policing.

AN ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL1RESPONSIBILITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN KENYA RAILWAYS

2024-07-21T00:05:46-05:00

Public trust in businesses has been shattered by the collapse of once-highflying enterprises, which affected tens of thousands of workers and investors and generated numerous concerns about corporate practices and trustworthiness. This study₁therefore investigated the efficacy of corporate affairs function on service delivery of organizations: A case of₁Kenya Railways. The study objective₁was to examine the influence of corporate₁social responsibility₁on the service delivery by Kenya Railways, The study₁was based on stakeholder₁theory and relational and agency theories. A₁descriptive research design₁was₁adopted. The₁population targeted in this study was 324 respondents including staff at the corporate affairs division of Kenya Railways Corporation and premium clients. The sample₁size was 286 respondents. Stratified and₁simple random sampling₁was used. A questionnaire was the main instrument. A pilot₁study was conducted₁to assess the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Both qualitative and quantitative data were₁collected for₁this study, and both approaches to data₁analysis were employed. The quantitative₁data was analyzed₁using descriptive₁statistics, such as₁frequencies, percentages, means, and₁standard deviations, utilizing SPSS (Version 27.0). Inferential statistics were also performed through regression modeling. The findings from the quantitative analysis were₁presented primarily in tables. On₁the other hand, the₁qualitative data was evaluated using content analysis, aiming to identify recurring themes that align with the study’s objectives. These themes provided₁a deeper₁understanding of the qualitative data collected. The study₁findings indicated that₁there was a statistically₁significant positive correlation₁between corporate social responsibility on service delivery of KRC (r=₁0.411; p₁<0.05) The study₁concluded incorporating CSR principles into service delivery processes can also help mitigate certain risks associated with social or environmental issues and effectively handling crises can mitigate the negative impacts on both the organization’s reputation and its financial performance. The study recommended that KRC prioritize a holistic approach to organizational management that integrates corporate social₁responsibility (CSR) management₁into its service delivery processes.

ENHANCING EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF TEACHER CAPACITY BUILDING ON LEARNER OUTCOMES IN MAKUENI COUNTY

2024-08-10T11:21:17-05:00

In a competitive world with varying degrees of complexity in social, economic and cultural needs of our society, the need to deliver a competitive, effective and relevant education system remains a pressing obligation for both policymakers and bureaucrats. Existing research on the effects of implementation of the National Curriculum Policy of 2018 on learning outcomes remain inconclusive. In view of this, the study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of teacher capacity building on learners’ outcome in Makueni County. The study was anchored on Street-Level Bureaucracy framework. Descriptive survey research design was preferred for this study. Interpretivist philosophical paradigm informed the study. A total of 903 Grade 6 teachers from public primary schools in Makueni, 903 class 6 PTA representatives, 903 chairpersons of public primary schools’ Boards of Management, 41 Curriculum Support Officers, and 9 sub-county directors of education were targeted. A total of 349 respondents were sampled representing the subgroups in the target group. Primary data was gathered from the field by use of a semi structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data underwent descriptive, regression, and inferential analyses, whereas qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The study revealed that teacher capacity building significantly influences learners' outcomes in Makueni County, with 40.9% of the variation in outcomes attributable to this factor. The findings also highlighted widespread dissatisfaction among teachers with current capacity-building initiatives, including skill development, seminars, mentorship, and in-service training, pointing to areas for urgent improvement. Furthermore, the study found a positive and statistically significant relationship between teacher capacity building efforts and learner outcomes (β=0.628, p<0.001). The study therefore recommends that management should revamp professional development programs which should include focus on practical, hands-on training, mentorship programs, and exposure to innovative teaching methodologies.

LEVERAGING NYUMBA KUMI COORDINATION STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN NYANDARUA COUNTY, KENYA

2024-08-17T08:36:26-05:00

The study evaluated the effect of Nyumba Kumi coordination structures on security management in Nyandarua County, Kenya. It was guided by normative sponsorship theory. The study was conducted under the descriptive survey design in Nyandarua North sub-county of Nyandarua County utilizing a hybrid technique including both quantitative and qualitative investigation techniques. The intended audience for this research included Nyumba Kumi seniors, law enforcement personnel in charge of posts in Nyandarua North Sub County, and State Government Administration Executives. Participants were chosen by stratification randomized selection. Therefore, the target population comprised 699 Nyumba Kumi elders in 23 sub-locations in Nyandarua North Sub County, three officers commanding police stations, 3 Assistant County Commissioners, and 8 Chiefs of National Government Administrative Officers. Thematic evaluation was used to evaluate qualitative data, and the findings were conveyed narratively. Empirical and interpretive analytics were used to assess quantitative data. The outcomes are then shown in tables and graphics like bar charts and pie diagrams. The study highlighted that 94% of participants were aware of community policing structures like Nyumba Kumi, indicating their significance and acceptance. It also emphasized the importance of coordination structures in security management. Key informant interviews highlighted the pivotal role of Chiefs and the benefits of collaborative decision-making. Community-driven hiring practices were commended, but challenges included resource limitations, trust issues, and insufficient youth engagement. Based on these findings, several recommendations are made: intensify sensitization programs for full community engagement, enhance the recruitment and training of community policing volunteers and encourage transparent and collaborative decision-making. These recommendations aim to enhance security management and community-police interactions in Nyandarua North sub-county.

OCEAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

2024-08-17T08:37:56-05:00

The burgeoning blue economy, driven by extensive ocean infrastructure development, promises substantial economic benefits for coastal regions. However, this rapid economic transformation can have profound psychological implications for local populations. This narrative review explored the delicate balance between fostering economic development and maintaining psychological resilience in coastal communities. The article looked into the economic impacts of key sectors such as marine tourism, fisheries, aquaculture, renewable energy, and port infrastructure, highlighting their contributions to regional growth and employment. Concurrently, the article examined the psychological challenges faced by coastal populations, including stress and anxiety linked to environmental changes and economic volatility. Sustainable development strategies were evaluated, emphasizing the integration of mental health support into economic planning and the importance of community engagement. Policy recommendations were presented, advocating for a holistic approach that includes government action, corporate responsibility, and international cooperation. Case studies illustrated successful models and persistent challenges in achieving this balance. The review concluded with future directions for research, stressing the need for innovative approaches and interdisciplinary studies to ensure the blue economy thrives without compromising the well-being of coastal communities.

IMPACT OF INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES ON LIVELIHOODS OF HOST COMMUNITY IN KALOBEYEI INTEGRATED SETTLEMENT IN TURKANA WEST SUB - COUNTY

2024-09-07T12:53:52-05:00

The purpose of this study is to assess how income-generating activities affect the host community's quality of life in the Kalobeyei integrated settlement in Turkana West Sub-County. The following goals served as the study's guidelines; to evaluate the effect of participation, access to resources and investment on the livelihoods of host community in Kalobeyei integrated settlement in Turkana West Sub – County. The leading theories for the study were the Chambers Participatory Development Model and Resource Dependency Theory (RDT). Descriptive survey research design was used for this investigation. The 1000 residents who are involved in IGAs inside the host community in Turkana West Sub-County was the study's target population. Stratified random sampling technique was employed. The 120 county government officials, 20 NGOs coordinators and 20 members of women groups who are involved in IGAs inside the host community in Turkana West Sub-County was the study's target population. Content validity and Cronbach reliability test was adopted. Quantitative methodologies were used in the data analysis. Quantitative data was evaluated using the SPSS software, version 26, and descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis and variance analysis was used to examine the dependent and independent variables of the study. The findings show that respondents generally perceive little involvement of leaders in improving livelihoods. Majority of respondents generally agree that there is monitoring and evaluation and government support in improving livelihoods. The study concluded that there is some recognition of community ownership and awareness, but it is not very strong. Monitoring and evaluation and availability of funding contribute to improving livelihoods. There is a strong agreement that government support and community support are important and somewhat effective in improving livelihoods. The study recommended that there is need to increase efforts to involve leaders in livelihood improvement projects. There is need to maintain and strengthen government and community support systems.

TRAINING AS AN ENABLER OF SERVICE DELIVERY AT THE NAIROBI CITY COUNTY

2024-09-20T08:35:23-05:00

The Kenyan public sector has reported dismal and deteriorating services that at times are ineffective, inefficient and unresponsive to the needs of the general public. The poor service delivery informed part of the decision to form county governments, but complaints are still there on delayed and poor service quality. To enhance the service delivery quality, effectiveness and efficiency, focus has to shift to human capital management especially on training of employees. The paper was anchored on SERVQUAL model and supported by human capital theory. There was use of descriptive research design approach in targeted the human resource department staffs and members of the public service board and 30% formed the final sample size. Piloting confirmed the fitness, idealness of the questionnaire through validity and reliability testing. The respondents filled the questionnaires, later the data was entered into Ms. Excel and SPPS for descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The study established that trainings positively and significantly affect service delivery at Nairobi City County. Drawn conclusions shared that training as a component of human resource management practices resulted in improved service delivery quality, timeliness and responsiveness at the Nairobi City County. The study recommends that county government and the public sector employees should be trained on the values and ethics of public service. This training should help employees to understand their role as public servants and to make ethical decisions in their work.

EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONTAINMENT MEASURES ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITHIN FAMILIES IN KIAMBU COUNTY KENYA

2024-10-03T19:58:25-05:00

This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social interactions within families in Ruiru Sub-County, Kiambu County. The specific study objectives were to examine effects of COVID-19 on social interactions between parents and their children, siblings to siblings, spouses to spouses and suggested mitigation strategies to challenges posed by COVID-19 on family life and social interactions. The study was guided by two theories: family system theory and social impact theory. The study employed mixed research design, which allowed quantitative and qualitative data to be collected. The study target population was 58,264. Yamane (1967) formula was used to determine a sample of 396 households for the study. The study participants were selected from the study area using simple random sampling. The study also involved 10 key informants who were 6 social workers and 4 chiefs. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Quantitative data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented by frequency tables using Microsoft Excel while qualitative data was analyzed through narrative analysis and presented through narrations. Study findings showed that containment measures due to COVID-19 pandemic ensured families spent more time together than it was usual affected social interaction in families between parents and their children and between spouses. However, the social interaction in families between siblings was not affected by the containment measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that the containment measures negatively impacted social interactions between parents and children and between spouses will benefit policy makers and social practitioners in preparing and responding to pandemics of similar magnitude in case they happen in future to prevent family break-down. The study recommended that the government and other players carry out a critical assessment and measurement of marital, parent-to-child and sibling-to-sibling interactions to inform future policy formulation regarding social interaction in families. The study also recommended that the government establishes intervention measures such as family counseling services that address interaction issues within families in Ruiru sub-County.

WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND ITS INFLUENCE IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS AMONG NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE OFFICERS IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY, KENYA

2024-10-03T19:59:48-05:00

This study assessed the influence of gender in career development decisions among National Police Service officers in the Kenya Police Service, determined the influence of disability in career development decisions among National Police Service officers in the Kenya Police Service, established the influence of age in career development decisions among National Police Service officers in the NPS, and established the influence of education in career development decisions among NPS officers in the Kenya Police Service. This was conducted within the context of Laikipia County. Social Career Cognitive Theory, Similarity/Attractive Theory, and Agency Theory informed the study. The research employed a descriptive survey study method. The target population for this study comprised all 616 police officers in all the 5 police sub-counties, encompassing a total of 7 police stations and 67 police posts. The sample size was 278 respondents, which was determined using Naissuma's (2000) formula after stratifying the total population into 5 sub-counties. The study employed semi-structured questionnaires containing both open and closed-ended questions to gather comprehensive insights into the research questions. The collected data underwent a thorough process to ensure accuracy and facilitate analysis. A pilot study was carried out in Kiambu County using 15 (10% of the sample) police officers before collecting the actual data. This served to test and guarantee the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The research applied both qualitative and quantitative data. Both inferential and comparative descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. To summarize the data, descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviation, and frequencies were used. The study found that an increase in the proportion of female officers significantly affects career development decisions, indicating the importance of gender diversity in promoting career advancement opportunities within the NPS. Officers with disabilities also have a considerable influence on career development decisions, underscoring the importance of inclusivity and accommodation for officers with disabilities in fostering career progression opportunities within the NPS. Age diversity significantly affects career development decisions, with younger officers being particularly influential. Higher educational attainment among officers significantly impacts career development decisions, emphasizing the significance of educational background in job performance and career advancement within the NPS.

EVALUATING CYBERSECURITY THREATS, MEASURES, AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS FOR ENHANCING THE SECURITY OF KENYA'S ECITIZEN PLATFORM

2024-10-10T17:28:01-05:00

This research explored the cybersecurity environment of Kenya's eCitizen platform, a crucial tool for accessing government services in the face of rising global cyber threats. The study focused on protecting sensitive governmental data, with objectives that included analyzing cybersecurity threats, evaluating mitigation strategies, and providing actionable recommendations. The literature review thoroughly examined each objective through the lens of established cybersecurity models such as Defense in Depth, Zero Trust, and the Integrated Theory of Cybercrimes. These models offered proactive strategies and comprehensive frameworks for strengthening cybersecurity defenses. In terms of methodology, the research utilized a descriptive research design with a case study approach and stratified sampling technique to systematically investigate cybersecurity threats and management strategies specific to the eCitizen platform. This approach enabled a detailed examination of the unique challenges and solutions related to cybersecurity within this context. The analysis incorporated regression analysis to quantify the relationships between cybersecurity threats, mitigation measures, and the effectiveness of these measures in enhancing the security of the eCitizen platform. The regression model revealed that predictors such as cybersecurity threats, security measures, and effectiveness factors are significantly correlated with the platform’s security effectiveness. This statistical analysis highlighted key areas where improvements could be made and provided a data-driven basis for recommendations. The discussion critically evaluated the impact of cybersecurity threats and digitalization trends in Kenya, addressing issues such as demographic factors, challenges in managing cyber threats, and the perceived effectiveness of various security measures. The conclusions emphasized the need for improved governance, enhanced risk management practices, updated legislation, and increased international cooperation to address evolving cyber threats effectively. The study also recommended further research to align with global cybersecurity best practices, aiming to enhance resilience and public trust in online government services. Overall, this research contributed significantly to understanding the cybersecurity challenges faced by Kenya’s government services, advocating for proactive measures, transparent communication, and collaborative efforts across sectors to improve security and public confidence in digital services.

ENHANCING SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC SECTOR BY LEVERAGING ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

2024-10-13T02:11:01-05:00

In the public sector, the main goal of service delivery is to make sure that people can get to and use important tools and services in a way that meets their needs. Service delivery is very important in the healthcare field, especially in state hospitals, because it has a direct effect on how well patients do and on the health of the people as a whole. Digital change has a big effect on service delivery because it lets companies use flexible organizational structures and connect digital business communities. The goal of this study was to look into how going digital has changed the way services are provided at Kenya's Kiambu Level 5 hospital. The study looked at how customer relationships, growing skills, and constant improvement affect the digital change process. Resource-based view, identify, distinguish, connect, and modify theories, as well as dynamic capability theories, were used to guide the study. Based on a detailed study approach, the study was carried out. The target group was made up of 282 Kiambu Level 5 hospital workers. A group of 165 individuals was used as a sample. Structured surveys and an interview plan were used to gather the data. The study looked at how accurate and reliable research tools were. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to look at quantitative data. Content analysis, on the other hand, was used to look at qualitative data. A strong link (r=0.822, p<.001) was found between the digital change factors and service performance. The study found that the three digital transformation factors can explain about 66.9% of the differences in service performance. Continuous growth (p<.001) and customer interaction (p<.001) were both important. The study found that going digital has a big and good impact on service delivery at Kenya's Kiambu Level 5 Hospital, mainly through bettering relationships with customers and always making things better. The study said that Kiambu Level 5 Hospital should use digital tools to try to keep customers they already have. It was also suggested that the hospital spend money on digital technology to make the hospital more productive and find technology that guarantees on-time delivery of health services.

POLICE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND PUBLIC TRUST IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-10-21T19:59:43-05:00

This study looked into how the police department uses social media to foster public trust and how that usage affects security operations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study looked at a number of objectives including social media platforms, public attitudes and perceptions, the strategies that police use on social media to enhance public trust, the challenges they encounter in gaining public support, and the effects on Nairobi City County's security management. The technological acceptability model and information flow theory directed the investigation. The study being mixed research used explanatory sequential research design. In this type of a mixed research design, quantitative data is collected first, followed by qualitative data. Directorate of Criminal Investigations officers, General Duty Officers, Human Rights Activists, National Police Service Headquarters' Communication Department, Youth Groups, Local Administrative Officers, Independent Policing Oversight Authority, and Senior Ministry of ICT officials were among the study's target population. Questionnaires and interviews were utilized as data gathering tools in the project, which employed simple and purposeful random sampling approaches. Quantitative data was analyzed using the SPSS output for descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically as per study objectives. The study established that Facebook and Twitter are the most preferred social media platforms for police communication. On the same note, study found out that public perception and attitudes significantly influence public trust on police use of social media. Further the study established that the people of Nairobi are aware of the police's social media strategies and the most common strategies are incident reporting and updating, with moderate use of public relations. Community discussions are less common. The study revealed that police face challenges in using social media to build public trust, with false information, misuse, privacy concerns, technical issues, lack of resources, and inadequate training being the most significant issues. The study recommends that police should expand their use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and TikTok, and address concerns about misinformation and privacy. Regular updates and active interaction are crucial for building public trust. Police should be transparent, monitor content, engage the community, and use proven strategies like incident reporting. Overcoming challenges like misinformation, privacy concerns, investing in tools, and initiating public awareness campaigns can further enhance social media efforts.

POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN NORTH EASTERN REGION, KENYA

2024-10-20T23:55:58-05:00

Currently, social change is a phenomenon that is extensively celebrated in public administration. Changes in political structures have resulted in a movement in the political sphere from a more localized to a globalized concept and from centralized to decentralized institutions. Little research has been done in the Kenyan context examining the correlation between political structure and community social transformation. This study's primary goal was to investigate how political structure affects social transformation in the North Eastern region of Kenya. This study used the pragmatism philosophical framework and employed an explanatory with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The unit of analysis comprised of counties of the North Eastern region of Kenya which included Garissa, Wajir and Mandera counties. The unit of observation was the senior employees (Job group M to S) in Garissa, Wajir and Mandera counties. The target population was 2,002 senior employees of the 3 County governments. The research instrument generated both quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised of frequencies, percentages, mean score, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics included correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The study further established that political structure has a positive and significant effect on social transformation in the North Eastern region of Kenya. Therefore, it was recommended that county administrative units institutionalize regular and structured public participation activities. This should involve creating clear mechanisms to incorporate community feedback into decision-making, ensuring that policies and resource allocations are more aligned with community needs.

THE EFFICACY OF FORENSIC TECHNIQUES IN PROVIDING ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE IN HOMICIDE INVESTIGATIONS IN KISUMU COUNTY; KENYA

2024-10-21T00:08:42-05:00

This study assessed the efficacy of forensic procedures in delivering acceptable evidence in homicide investigations in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Locard's Principle theory and The Actor Network Theory. The objectives of this study were: to assess the effectiveness of DNA sampling procedures in providing admissible evidence in homicide investigations within Kisumu County; to examine the use of toxicology in providing admissible evidence in homicide investigations within Kisumu County; to establish the efficacy of Fingerprinting in providing admissible evidence in homicide investigations within Kisumu County; and to investigate the forensic challenges. The study was carried out using an ex-post facto research design. The targeted population was the DCI officers and court prosecutors working in Kisumu County. The study used a census method to choose all 110 DCI officers in Kisumu County to participate. Prosecutors in Kisumu County, Kenya, were chosen via purposive selection. Questionnaires were the main method of data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics specifically linear regression aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. To describe the research findings, descriptive statistics in the form of measures of central tendency (frequency, mean, median, mode, and percentages) and measures of dispersion (range and standard deviations) was employed. The efficacy of forensic techniques on evidence admissibility was examined using inferential statistics, specifically Linear regression at 5% significance levels. Regression analyses uncover strong positive relationships between key variables, mainly, DNA Sampling Procedures, Use of Toxicology, Fingerprinting Efficacy, on Admissible Evidence forensic investigations. Multiple linear regression analysis predicts that these factors collectively account for 61.3 % a significant portion of the variability in Evidence Quality affirming their strength in providing admissible evidence for homicide cases. Specifically, DNA Sampling Procedures (B = 0.304), the Use of Toxicology (B = 0.299), and Fingerprinting Efficacy (B = 0.354) all demonstrate positive coefficients, indicating that improvements in these aspects lead to higher quality admissible evidence. On the other hand, Forensic Challenges (B = 0.374) carries a positive coefficient, suggesting that an increase in challenges faced during forensic practices corresponds to a decrease in the quality of admissible evidence. Equally, Forensic Challenges are shown to limiting in obtaining admissible evidence significantly. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the DCI Kisumu County work with the DCI headquarters and the NPS and the national government to address the challenges to ensure the DCI investigators using forensic service obtain admissible evidence for homicide cases.

DETERMINANTS FOR EFFECTIVE MONITORING & EVALUATION SYSTEMS ON PERFORMANCE OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN MANDERA COUNTY

2024-10-25T03:12:44-05:00

The implementation of effective monitoring & evaluation systems is crucial for the success of government-funded projects. The study's purpose was to evaluate the determinants for effective monitoring & evaluation systems on performance of county government funded projects in Mandera County. The specific objectives were to determine the effects of community participation, capacity building, partnership and transparency on M&E on performance of county government funded projects in Mandera County. The study was guided by the institutional theory, resource dependency theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory. A case study research design was used for this investigation. There were 120 responders in the target population. The study employed a stratified random sampling technique. Quantitative data was assessed using the SPSS software, version 26, and descriptive statistics including the mean, percentages, and standard deviation. Multiple regression analysis and variance analysis were done. The results of the analysis were displayed in tables. The study found out that there is moderate agreement on communities receiving feedback on project progress. There is moderate agreement on high attendance, but responses vary to some extent. There is a strong consensus on the existence of Partnership and partnership initiatives during project implementations. On average, stakeholders are moderately involved in the project, contributing to Transparencyduring implementation. The study concluded that while there is some involvement, there might be room for improvement in increasing in resource management. While attendance is generally acknowledged, efforts might be needed to enhance participation. Partnershipare well-acknowledged and consistenty. The study recommended that county governments should consider exploring ways to enhance and encourage community participation in resource management. The county governments should explore strategies to increase attendance. County governments should continue fostering and potentially expanding Partnership efforts to enhance project implementations. County governments should focus on maintaining compliance with laws and regulations to enhance transparency and accountability.

INFLUENCE OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

2024-10-26T07:31:32-05:00

The purpose of this study was to analyze influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on the performance of non-governmental organizations in the agricultural sector: A case of the Kenya National Farmer’s Federation.. The objectives of this study included an analysis of; The influence of frequency of M&E data collection, M&E stakeholder engagement and integrating local knowledge in M&E on the performance of KENAFF. The study employed a descriptive research. The target population in this research is divided into two main categories; 140 M&E Staff and 60 Stakeholders. The sample size was 134 respondents. Sampling strategies that combine probability and non-probability was employed. Content validity was used. For reliability test to evaluate the questionnaire's internal consistency, the statistical test known as Cronbach's Alpha was used. The managerial and operational staff make up the first group. The second group consists of KENAFF stakeholders at both the representative and grassroots levels. The researcher used SPSS for conducting both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The dataset was summarized using simple descriptive statistics like means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The findings indicate that respondents were generally neutral or slightly disagreed with the adequacy of data collection frequency per agricultural season. Respondents were generally neutral about the sufficiency of stakeholder involvement in the program. Respondents were generally neutral about the sufficiency of local practices integrated into KENAFF programs. Most respondents expressed strong satisfaction with KENAFF's financial performance. The study concludes that there are mixed perspectives on the frequency of M&E data collection. The analysis of integrating local knowledge shows respondents are generally neutral to slightly dissatisfied with the sufficiency of local practices integrated into KENAFF programs. The study recommends that KENAFF should maintain the current practices but also consider seeking qualitative feedback to understand if there are any nuanced areas for improvement. Efforts should be made to continuously assess and improve the diversity of stakeholder groups to address any concerns and enhance community representation. It is recommended to evaluate and enhance the integration of local practices into KENAFF progress.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND SERVICE QUALITY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

2024-10-27T03:17:16-05:00

The study explored the impact of Training and Development (T&D) programs on service quality within the public sector, with a specific focus on the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA). While T&D programs are widely recognized as vital for improving service delivery, there is limited understanding of how the planning, execution, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of these programs directly influence service quality within the KRA. This study addressed this gap by examining the following objectives: the effect of planning of T&D programs on service quality, the impact of execution of T&D programs on service quality, and the influence of M&E of T&D programs on service quality. The study adopted Human Capital, Service Quality, and Organizational Learning theories as the theoretical framework. A descriptive survey design was used, sampling 120 KRA employees through convenience sampling. Data collection involved semi-structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a multiple regression model. Results were presented in tables, charts, and graphs, while qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis. The study offered insights into the relationship between T&D programs and service quality, providing both theoretical and practical contributions to organizational development and public sector management.

EFFECT OF SOFT POWER PROJECTIONS ON DIASPORA COMMUNITIES’ RELATIONS IN RWANDA

2024-11-01T03:41:33-05:00

This study examined the impact of soft power projections on the relations of Kenyan diaspora communities in Rwanda, exploring how cultural diplomacy, global brands, and international development initiatives shape integration, cultural preservation, and social cohesion. By focusing on Kenya's soft power influence, particularly through cultural exports, international aid, and corporate engagement, the study evaluates the relational dynamics between the Kenyan diaspora and Rwandan society. The significance of this study lies in its potential to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the diaspora community and the High Commission, shedding light on the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities for collaboration and support. By exploring the perceptions, experiences, and initiatives of the High Commission regarding diaspora community relations, this study provided information on the strategies for enhancing engagement, promoting cultural exchange, and addressing the needs of the diaspora community in Rwanda. The study was guided by three theories such as: Social Identity Theory, Soft Power Theory and Transnationalism Theory. The research design that the study utilized is descriptive survey research. The target population for this study comprised 417 participants who were then registered by Association of Kenyans living in Rwanda. A sample of 205 was determined using Slovin’s Formula. Purposive and convenience sampling technique was employed in the investigation. Primary data was primarily collected using questionnaires, with participants rating their responses on a five-point Likert scale. To gather secondary data, the study consulted various sources. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to contribute to this data collection. Pilot research involved twenty-one individuals. Using Cronbach's Alpha, the researcher conducted the reliability assessment. Using SPSS version 25, the researcher conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study used a correlation coefficient and a linear regression model. Data was presented in tables and figures. After the analysis of data conclusions and recommendations were drawn. The findings reveal that both soft power projections and diaspora community relations exhibit high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.775 and 0.842, respectively, indicating reliability. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) further supports these constructs' reliability, with Omega values at 0.766 for soft power projections and 0.805 for diaspora relations, affirming strong consistency across items. Survey responses indicate positive perceptions of soft power initiatives among the Kenyan diaspora in Rwanda. For instance, a significant percentage of respondents (41.7% agreed and 47.2% strongly agreed) felt that Kenyan cultural events fostered a sense of belonging (M = 4.18, SD = .972). Furthermore, 46.1% strongly agreed that engagement in cultural diplomacy encourages collaboration with Rwandan institutions (M = 4.25, SD = .962). Responses also reflect favorable perceptions of Rwanda's soft power influence, with 49.4% agreeing and 45.0% strongly agreeing that Rwanda promotes positive perceptions among the diaspora (M = 4.36, SD = .729). Additionally, 60.0% strongly agreed that Rwanda’s influence enhances pride in Rwandan heritage (M = 4.49, SD = .758), and 48.3% felt that cultural exchanges strengthened bonds with the host country (M = 4.39, SD = .712). These findings highlight the role of soft power in fostering connection, pride, and active participation in the diaspora. The study concludes that soft power initiatives, including cultural diplomacy and international aid, significantly enhance social cohesion, cultural preservation, and engagement between the Kenyan diaspora and the Rwandan community, reinforcing positive diaspora-host relations. Policymakers in both Kenya and Rwanda should invest further in cultural and diplomatic programs that facilitate diaspora integration while preserving cultural identity, as these initiatives promote mutual respect and shared values. Future research could explore the impact of soft power on diaspora relations in other regional contexts, examining variations in soft power effects across different host nations and how digital diplomacy might influence diaspora integration.

CHALLENGES FACING MULTI-AGENCY SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN VIOLENCE PRONE WEST POKOT COUNTY, KENYA

2024-11-02T20:58:56-05:00

The North Rift Region of Kenya which includes West Pokot County has for a long-time experienced incidences of insecurity brought about by pastoralist militias. Therefore, the Kenyan government has adopted multi-agency security management approach to control the menace. A study conducted at West Pokot County examined the relationship between the multi-agency approach and security management. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the following: multi-agency institutions’ involvement in security management, multi-agency security command structure and coordination of security formations, challenges faced by multi-agency security personnel, and mechanisms of improving multi-agency security management approaches in the County. The study which was a descriptive survey in design was guided by the Systems Theory, and Securitization Theory. The study participants included security personnel from the Military, National Police Service, National Intelligence Service, Civil Society Organizations, NGOs, Chiefs and their assistant, and the village leaders. The sample size comprised of 302 respondents drawn from the Military, National Police Service, and National Intelligence Service. On the challenges faced in multi-agency security management in West Pokot County, 72% of the respondents indicated that lack of adequate resources and equipment was a serious problem, 75% inadequate technical capacity, and 54% lack of a unified framework in security management which sometimes leads to clashes among the teams. The study recommends that community policing should be brought to the centre of multiagency approaches to security management as this will help in creating synergy between the multiagency security teams and civilians, and prior to commencement of the multiagency security operations, a thorough assessment of the needs of the security teams in terms of equipment and resources should be done in order to ensure that they are motivated enough to carry out the security operation successfully. This paper presents the study findings on multi-agency security institutions’ involvement in West Pokot, the challenges faced by the personnel, and the mechanisms of improving multi-agency security engagement in the county.

THE EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON SERVICE DELIVERY AMONG THE NATIONAL POLICE OFFICERS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-11-06T04:20:05-06:00

Occupational stress is a known cause of myriad negative effects in most public sector institutions across the globe, the Kenyan national police officers being among them. The study, based on this sought to examine the effects of occupational stress among Nairobi City County’s national police officers on their service delivery. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, a total target population was 3524, and a sample of 374 was finally used. Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data that were eventually analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to. It was thus found that occupational stress affects officers in both personal and professional spaces, caused by work-related pressures, fuelled by political interest, low number of human resources, inadequate time to socialize with friends and relatives, and negative perceptions among officers on their jobs. Moreover, pressures during emergencies cause trauma due to dire negative experiences, among others. All these occurrences negatively affect the quality of service delivery among the police officers in Nairobi City County, calling for reforms that involve the provision of psychosocial support to tackle stressors from the occupation, build mental resilience, and improve service delivery. Moreover, there is a need to add Human resources, to ease work time pressure, and provide a conducive environment for economic, social, and emotional growth.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DROUGHT MITIGATION MEASURES TAKEN BY NATIONAL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY IN ISIOLO COUNTY, KENYA

2024-11-07T01:13:36-06:00

Drought is a climate variability that happens seasonally, maybe multilayer or multi-decade, that causes variation in precipitation and temperature rise, hence causing droughts across the world. Drought remains one of the leading courses of conflict in ASAL counties such as Isiolo, even as agencies such as the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) seek to impact and reduce the risks associated with drought. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures by NDMA in drought mitigation in Isiolo County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to identify the mitigation measures taken by NDMA in Isiolo County, Kenya and establish the effectiveness of the mitigation measures. The study employed a descriptive survey design and, through a census, sampled 20 respondents drawn from different technical staff at NDMA and other organizations supporting drought mitigation in the area. Through a structured questionnaire, the study collected primary data that were analyzed through descriptive statistics that included frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics used multi-linear regression analysis. The study established that water harvesting, social protection programs, and early warning systems statistically contributed to effective mitigation of drought in Isiolo County, Kenya while soil conservation and afforestation did not statistically contribute to effective mitigation of drought in the county. Soil conservation and early warning systems were the most excellent NDMA drought mitigation measures, followed by afforestation and then water harvesting. There is a need for NDMA to identify how they can implement the most effective NDMA drought mitigation measures in order to reduce the impact of drought in the area. NDMA should work closely with other stakeholders to ensure that the drought measures are not only effective but also address the community’s unique drought needs. Lastly, there is a need to evaluate reasons why afforestation and water harvesting are not significant in effective mitigation of drought and establish ways that they can be better implemented.

ANALYSIS OF BUDGET PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (TVETIS) IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

2024-11-08T02:28:41-06:00

Performing Public Technical and Vocational Education Training Institutions (TVETIs) are a boon to society as they impart hands on skills through which individuals can contribute to personal and national development in diverse way. For a long time performance among these public institutions is far from what is expected amidst questions raised on their effectiveness in contributing towards Kenya’s development through skilled labour. To deliver on their mandates, public TVETIs are required to implement practices that ensure that resources are efficiently and effectively utilised. Towards this end, this study sought to analyse the effects of budget planning on the performance of TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The theory guiding the investigation was the economic theory of budgeting. A descriptive design was applied to meet the study objectives, which entailed the collection of primary data using questionnaires from a population of 41 public TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. Reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were done through the Cronbach Alpha tests and content validity assessments. The data was analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis and the results were presented in Tables and Figures. The study’s descriptive findings indicated that budget planning was moderately implemented in public TVETIs in Kiambu County. The results indicated that budget planning had a positive and significant effect on the performance of TVETI institutions. The study recommended budget planning that the ministry of Education should increase the budget for the TVETIS to create impact on the results of the courses trained to a learners. Furthermore, it was recommended that similar tertiary institutions in other Counties also implement regular budget reviews to ensure their monitoring systems are reliable and transparent so that they may attain positive performances. The study also recommended that personnel allocated duties related to budgetary practices in public TVETIs seek to adhere to legislative and best practices guidelines. Future studies should be done to investigate the implementation of budgeting practices in both public and private TVETIs in other Counties in Kenya.

LONG-TERM SAVINGS SCHEME AND WELFARE PROMOTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN RWANDA

2024-11-15T01:04:01-06:00

This study assessed the impact of long-term savings schemes on improving the welfare of young people living with HIV in Rwanda, focusing on the Ejo Heza program. It specifically investigates the influence of financial awareness, financial knowledge, attitudes toward saving, and financial behavior on welfare. The research targeted 23,734 individuals from Ejo Heza, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected via structured questionnaires, and the reliability of the instruments was ensured through test-retest methodology and Cronbach's coefficient, with a value of 0.7 confirming their dependability. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, with descriptive statistics summarizing data through percentages, frequencies, and counts. Inferential analysis, including multiple regression, was used to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The research employed concurrent triangulation to enhance validity and conducted detailed interviews to assess non-numerical instruments. The results were presented using tables and figures, offering a comprehensive understanding of how financial factors influence the welfare of young people living with HIV in Rwanda. The findings indicate that financial behavior has the most significant positive impact on welfare promotion among young people living with HIV, with a high standardized coefficient (Beta = 1.104) and a very strong significance (t = 27.540, p < .001). Financial awareness also positively influences welfare promotion, albeit to a lesser extent (Beta = .085, t = 2.928, p = .004). Conversely, both financial knowledge (Beta = -.085, t = -2.789, p = .006) and attitude towards saving (Beta = -.367, t = -9.502, p < .001) have negative impacts on welfare promotion. The constant term is also significant (B = 1.835, t = 8.677, p < .001), suggesting other underlying factors influencing welfare promotion. The study concludes that financial behavior significantly enhances the welfare of young people living with HIV in Rwanda, while financial awareness also positively contributes to their well-being. In contrast, financial knowledge and attitudes towards saving negatively impact welfare promotion, indicating a need for tailored financial education programs that address these specific challenges. Policymakers and financial educators should prioritize enhancing financial behavior among young people living with HIV by incorporating practical financial management skills and consistent saving practices into their programs. Additionally, targeted interventions should address the negative impacts of financial knowledge and attitudes towards saving by fostering a more positive and informed mindset regarding financial literacy and the benefits of saving.

DISCRETION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TAX REFORMS AT THE KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY IN KAJIADO COUNTY

2024-11-17T06:15:57-06:00

Kenya's tax collecting mechanism has been revised several times in response to previous administrations' unsuccessful attempts to raise sufficient economic funds. Persistent loopholes that undermine revenue collecting effectiveness demand targeted tax revisions. As a result, there is an urgent need to modernize Kenya's present tax structures in order for the Kenya Revenue Authority to meet its fiscal objectives. Therefore, the study aimed at assessing the effect of street level bureaucracy on the implementation of tax reforms at KRA. The study specifically examined the effects of discretion on implementation of tax reforms; evaluated the effects of autonomy on implementation of tax reforms; assessed the extent to which resource facilitation affects implementation of tax reforms and finally explore the extent to which bureaucratic engagement affects implementation of tax reforms. The research utilized a descriptive survey approach, which encompasses a collection of techniques and processes for characterizing variables. The study conducted census on all the 128 respondents based at KRA Kajiado County Station. Ethical standards of informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity was all considered including obtaining the research permit from NACOSTI. Initially, the data was meticulously checked for completeness, and subsequently, it was then entered into the SPSS. By grouping recurring themes in the qualitative data, it was possible to study it more thoroughly and delve into topics that perhaps weren't sufficiently covered by the formal questionnaire items. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches were compared using quantitative data analysis. Standard deviation and mean were used to summarise the data. The data was displayed as frequency tables, percentages, charts, and regression models to provide a thorough analysis. The study's findings showed a substantial and statistically significant positive association between the KRA in Kajiado County's adoption of tax reforms and discretion. In a similar vein, it found a strong inverse relationship between autonomy and the KRA in Kajiado County implementing tax reforms. Additionally, the study discovered a strong favourable link between the KRA in Kajiado County's adoption of tax changes and bureaucratic participation. Overall, the study objectives related to discretion, autonomy, resource facilitation, and bureaucratic engagement in relation to the implementation of tax reforms at the KRA in Kajiado County are supported by the findings. From the findings, there is need to develop clear and comprehensive guidelines for discretion in tax administration, grant greater autonomy to tax officials on implementation of reforms, foster collaboration and communication among departments and the need to allocate adequate human, financial and technological resources for effective execution of reforms.

IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON WELFARE OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DISABILITY IN KENYA

2024-11-17T07:21:18-06:00

Financial services are difficult for people with impairments to obtain in both developed and developing countries. This is because they are not seen as a sizable consumer base by banks and other financial institutions. More than 60% of persons with disability in Kenya are impoverished. The Kenyan government has started a number of programs to help persons with disabilities with their financial circumstances. A cash transfer scheme that encourages the use of assistive equipment is one of these. Additionally, there are subsidies and grants available to assist with the costs of schooling. But raising awareness of these advantages is still difficult, particularly in rural regions. Despite these measures there is still a challenge of financial inclusion especially among the mainstream financial institutions. A large number of disabled individuals in Kenya are presently left out in terms of financial access from mainstream financial institutions like banks because the target audience is restricted to those who have severe disabilities. Despite efforts to implement disability laws, there are still issues with financial inclusion for persons with disabilities in Kenya. This study aimed to investigate the financial inclusion and welfare of households with disabled individuals in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the impact of financial inclusion on the welfare of persons with disabilities, to assess the effect of household expenditure on their welfare, and to evaluate the effect of education empowerment on their welfare. The study was based on financial growth theory, inclusion theory, consumer behavior theory, and vulnerability group theory. An explanatory research design was used to clarify the relationship between variables, and the study relied on secondary data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the 2019 Census report, the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey, and Financial Access surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to determine the impact of financial inclusion on the household welfare of individuals with disabilities residing in Kenya. The data set was found to be suitable for analysis after diagnostic tests such as residual autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity of the error term, normality, and multicollinearity were performed. Based on the study's findings, it was determined that the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.791 while the adjusted R2 was 0.759. From the finding, it can be concluded that; financial inclusion, household expenditure and education empowerment explains 75.9 percent of the changes in the welfare of persons with disabilities. The results show that persons with disabilities' welfare increases significantly (r=0.0520, p<.05) with each unit increase in financial inclusion. According to the findings, a unit increase in household expenditure increases persons with disabilities’ welfare in a nonsignificant way (r=0.011, p>.05). Lastly, the study's results show that persons with disabilities' wellbeing significantly increases with each unit rise in education empowerment (r=0.0280, p<.05).