Reviewed Journal International of Business Management [ISSN 2663-127X]

ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE OF ERP SYSTEMS AS ADOPTED BY SELECTED PARASTATAL SECTORS

HUSSEIN DUB JIRMA — 2025-01-04

The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is an effective tool used to transfer and enable share data among different business partners. Although ERP software can seem complex and comprehensive, the software enable organizations to manage and integrate all their business functions and processes in a detailed and innovative manner. Technological advancement has fundamentally transformed operational efficiencies, leading to faster and more effective service delivery. This study explored the advantages of adopting ERP systems within selected prarastatal organizations, emphasizing the public sectors transition towards a more responsive supply chain processes. The primary objective was to investigate the advantages of technological advancements adopted by selected public sector organizations. Specific objectives included identifying the advantages of ERP systems in supply chain management and to examining the challenges encountered during ERP adoption. The research was guided by public service logic theory and stakeholder theory. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing purposive and stratified sampling methods to survey managers and procurement officers in Kenya. The target population comprised managers from various organizations. The findings revealed that ERP system adoption and usage enhances organizational performance in service delivery. The study recommended increased training for personnel to maximize the effectiveness of ERP systems in improving service delivery.

LEVERAGING STRATEGIC EXECUTION PROTOCOL FOR COMPETITIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

BARRACK OTIENO OKELLO — 2025-01-07

The Kenyan banking industry is transforming rapidly, driven by dynamic market conditions, regulatory changes, and evolving customer expectations. This study investigated the influence of Strategic Execution Protocols (SEP) on the Competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. Guided by Competence-Based Theory and the Balanced Scorecard Framework, the study adopted a mixed-methods approach combining descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population comprised top- and middle-level managers from 39 commercial banks, with data collected from 39 top-level managers and a random sample of 141 middle-level managers using semi-structured questionnaires. A pilot test confirmed the research instruments' reliability (r = 0.96) and construct validity (KMO = 0.746). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that SEP significantly influences the Competitiveness of commercial banks (β = 0.502, p < 0.05). Key SEP components—strategic cognitive adaptability, effective strategy deployment, and goal alignment—emerged as critical drivers of enhanced performance. These components enable banks to adapt to market dynamics, implement strategies efficiently, and align operational actions with overarching goals. The study also highlighted the importance of clear action plans, alignment of strategic initiatives, and systematic progress tracking to ensure effective execution. Banks with robust SEP mechanisms exhibited greater adaptability, cohesive alignment, and competitive resilience in navigating dynamic market environments. The study concluded that effective strategy execution protocols are essential for maintaining Competitiveness in a rapidly evolving banking industry. Kenyan commercial banks should prioritize translating strategic goals into actionable initiatives, monitoring progress regularly, and aligning operational activities with strategic objectives. Banks can strengthen their competitive positioning and improve market performance by enhancing SEP components and fostering a culture of adaptability and strategic alignment. These findings provide valuable insights into strategic management practices in the banking sector, emphasizing the need for a structured and dynamic approach to strategy execution.

INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS’ IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GOLF RING ROAD PROJECT IN RWANDA

DEBORAH TUMUKUNDE — 2025-01-14

Researching how the decision-making principles of stakeholders affected the success of the Rwandan golf ring road project was the overarching goal of the study. Study objectives included assessing the impact of data-driven decision-making on the effectiveness of the Rwandan Golf Ring Road Project. The research was anchored by Stakeholder Theory. Out of 105targeted professionals, the sample size of 84 respondents was determined by use of Slovins formula. A mixed method approach including qualitative and quantitative was used. A descriptive survey design was used which allowed collection of both qualitative and quantitative data for triangulation. Both primary and secondary data was collected. Data collection instruments included designed questionnaires. Pilot study was carried at Engine Rwanda where 13 questionnaires were distributed at different times. Data analysis procedures was considered after collecting data and the researcher used SPSS version 25 software to obtain the tables of descriptive statistics and correlation and the influence was demonstrated statistically. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed and integrated with quantitative information. The findings highlight strong positive perceptions of stakeholder identification criteria and project effectiveness in the Golf Ring Road Project. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed with statements emphasizing adequate stakeholder engagement, diversity, fair representation, and efforts to include marginalized groups, as reflected in high mean scores (ranging from 4.19 to 4.46). The results underscore the project’s success in stakeholder engagement and environmental considerations, contributing to enhanced effectiveness and sustainability. The Golf Ring Road Project demonstrates a commendable level of stakeholder engagement, inclusivity, and commitment to sustainable construction practices. It is recommended that future projects enhance mechanisms for resolving conflicts of interest, further amplify marginalized voices, and ensure ongoing stakeholder collaboration to sustain these positive outcomes.

EFFECT OF SOURCING FLEXIBILITY ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AMONG KENYAN SMALL-SCALE IMPORTERS WITHIN GIKOMBA MARKET, NAIROBI COUNTY KENYA

JAMLIC MUNYASYA — 2025-01-22

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of sourcing flexibility on competitive advantage among small-scale importers in Gikomba Market, Nairobi County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population for this study comprised 1,500 licensed small-scale importers at Gikomba Market, and the sampling frame was obtained from The Nairobi Importers and Small Traders Association (NISTA). The sampling technique used was stratified sampling, selecting 316 importers. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contained closed-ended questions, scored and rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data cleaning and analysis were performed using SPSS Version 25.0 software, and descriptive and inferential statistics were generated. The descriptive results included means and standard deviations, while the regression results were based on the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression models. Finally, the output of the analysis was expressed as frequencies and percentages, with the results presented in tables and charts.

Results showed that a range of suppliers ensured consistent product quality (mean = 3.67). Participants agreed that reducing delivery time lowers costs and enhances competitiveness (mean = 3.82). Furthermore, supplier switching costs were found to be moderate, with 43% agreeing that easy transitions between suppliers improve competitive positioning (mean = 3.84). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.774, p < 0.05) between sourcing flexibility and competitive advantage. Regression analysis confirmed a strong relationship (R = 0.774, R² = 0.599, p < 0.05), indicating that an increase in sourcing flexibility leads to a corresponding increase in competitive advantage.

The study concludes that lead time reduction plays a critical role in enhancing cost efficiency and competitive pricing. The study recommends regularly evaluate suppliers' reliability to ensure quality and timely deliveries by establishing performance metrics and conducting quarterly reviews. Further studies could investigate the effect of supplier switching costs, as these may significantly influence supply chain flexibility.

MODERATING EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON THE INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES PRACTICES ON EXTERNAL LABOUR MOBILITY IN PUBLIC LEVEL FIVE HOSPITALS IN KENYA

JOHN KAGWI KAMAU — 2025-01-24

Human resources for Health are a strategic asset in the implementation of the universal health care coverage and their motivation, attraction and retention is instrumental in attaining the set goals and objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of strategic health and safety practices on external labor mobility in public level five hospitals in Kenya. The study adopted the mixed research design method involved a variety of analytical methods. Heinrich’s Domino theory was used to explain the relationship between the variables under study. The study targeted a population of 4,388 medical officers and nurses in the fourteen public level five hospitals in Kenya, from which a sample of 353 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling methods while purposive sampling technique was used to select the eight (8) public level five hospitals representing the former provinces in Kenya. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential methods. The findings of this research indicated that strategic health and safety was not a significant predictor of external labour mobility. The study recommended that the Government of Kenya (GoK) and the County Governments should offer sponsorship programs to the human resources for health; provision of personal protective equipment/gear and adequate working conditions to protect themselves against occupational diseases and loss of life; formation of health and safety committees in the health facilities. Future researchers should focus on other strategic human resource management practices influencing external labour mobility especially on generational groups.

INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION’S EFFECT ON IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE AT THE NYANDARUA COUNTY ASSEMBLY IN KENYA

LEAH WANJIRU WANDERI — 2025-01-29

The county assemblies in Kenya are facing challenges in successfully executing the mandate including legislation, oversight the senior officials and representation of the general public. For Nyandarua county assembly, the infighting, inability to maintain the leadership positions, and suspension of some leaders; this has caused delays in policy and legislature formulation, inability to call for public hearings and participation in representing the views of the residents and delays in submitting reports. These implied decline in performance outcomes, and hence the need to adopt transformational leadership with its dimension of considering the individual employees. This paper focused on individualized consideration and its effect on performance at the Nyandarua county assembly. The paper was informed by transformational leadership theory and balanced scorecard model. Through use of descriptive research design, the study targeted top, middle and low-level management teams who took part in the study by filling the semi-structured questionnaire. There were 73 responses from a possible 81 distributed questionnaire, making a response rate of 90.1%. The findings show that 63.4% change in performance was linked to effect of individualized consideration. Additionally, the relationship between individualized consideration and performance was significant and positive since r = 0.596. The beta coefficient revealed that individualized consideration influenced the performance at the Nyandarua County Assembly, based on β =0.405, t = 1.302, and 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, concluding that individualized consideration was effective in improving performance at the county assembly of Nyandarua. The paper recommends the assembly follows the contents of chapter six on leadership and integrity when selecting/electing its leaders. The leaders must take care of the needs, aspirations and interests of the subordinates; this will help create a good work environment and uplift performance outcomes.

STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

JACKSON MWEMA MALII — 2025-02-04

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of stakeholder management on sustainability of solid waste management projects with project leadership as moderator in Kenya. Additionally, the research examined the moderating influence of project leadership on the relationship between stakeholder management and sustainability of solid waste management projects in Kenya. The theoretical framework was informed by the resource-based theory. The research employed the correlational cross-sectional survey design. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 23 county chief officers, 23 directors, 23 deputy directors and 139 sub-county officers from a target population of 47 county chief officers, 47 directors, 47 deputy directors and 290 sub-county officers in charge of solid waste management projects in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey-based approach was used. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The collected data was processed and entered into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 to create a data sheet to be used for analysis. The descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The correlation results showed that stakeholder management had a positive and significant relationship with sustainability of solid waste management projects. The regression results showed that stakeholder management had a positive and significant influence on sustainability of solid waste management projects. The results indicated that project leadership had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between stakeholder management and sustainability of solid waste management projects in Kenya. Managers and policy makers should to focus on strengthening stakeholder management to foster the sustainability of solid waste management projects. Future research could examine the moderating influence of project leadership on the relationship between stakeholder management and project sustainability in other sectors.

INFLUENCE OF SALARY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN RWANDA

RULISA CHRISSY — 2025-02-04

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of salary on employee performance in public institutions in Rwanda. The study was anchored on human capital theory and supported by agency theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 4 Public Institutions located in Kigali Rwanda. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews while secondary data was collected through review of relevant literature. The findings showed that the respondents agreed with the various statements on the influence of salaries on their performance. This is because all the mean values were above 3.5. The findings specifically showed that the respondents agreed that their performance is more Motivated by a Reasonable Salary that they earn from their current Employer (M=3.982, SD=1.37) and that they always get Encouraged to work due to the salary that comes on time (M=3.889, SD=1.381). Respondents also agreed that their salary increment motivates their dairy performance at their work place in their organization (M=3.777, SD=1.275); salary is the sole motivator that enables them to perform to their employers’ Expectations (M=3.738, SD=1.32); and that salary is not the only sole Motivator that influences Performance at their Work Place (M=3.698, SD=1.331). The findings established that salary had significant influence on employee performance in in Public Institutions in Rwanda since the p-value obtained was less than the selected level of significance. The finding further showed that the influence of salary on employee performance in Public Institutions in Rwanda was positive. Based on the findings, the study concluded that there is a positive significant relationship between salary and employee performance in selected Public Institutions in Rwanda. Salary was found to have positive significant influence on employee performance. The study recommends Public Institutions in Rwanda to consider the salary they offer their employees because it will determine their level of performance which in return affects the performance of the organization. Also, since monetary rewards are seen as a right rather than a reward, their serving as motivating factors has diminished and therefore the companies should focus on combining it with other motivating factors like social recognition and feedback.

INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION ON HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF KENYA

ANNE THUMBI — 2025-02-07

The study examined the influence of knowledge acquisition on human resource planning. The research was anchored on the knowledge-based view theory. A mixed research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population consisted of 209 employees from various hierarchical levels within the organization. The study employed a census approach. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview guides, and a secondary data template. The study utilized both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. The pilot study conducted in the Judicial Service Commission confirmed the validity and reliability of the research instruments, with factor analysis showing all statements had factor loadings above 0.4, demonstrating strong construct validity. Reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha yielded coefficients ranging from 0.745 to 0.823, all exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.7, indicating the internal consistency of the instruments. The study found that knowledge acquisition had a significant positive influence on human resource planning (r = 0.695, β = 0.695, p = 0.000). The study recommends that the Public Service Commission of Kenya should prioritize and enhance its knowledge management practices to improve human resource planning. This includes implementing structured programs for continuous learning and development, investing in advanced knowledge management systems and databases. The organization should also develop a comprehensive knowledge management policy that explicitly links knowledge practices to human resource planning.