INFLUENCE OF SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS IN TVET INSTITUTIONS ON GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY IN KENYA A CASE OF NAIROBI METROPOLITAN COUNTIES
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Jul 24, 2023
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This study assessed the influence of situational analysis in TVET institutions on graduate employability in Kenya. The study was anchored on human capital theory. Survey research design was used in the study. A sample size of 353 was selected from a target population of 3036 key TVET management staffs from 506 public and private TVET institutions in Nairobi, Machakos, Kiambu and Kajiado. Applying Yamane formula, stratified sampling technique was used to select 59 principals/deputy principals, 59 Registrars, 59 Dean of students for academics, and 176 Heads of Departments. A selected number of Ministry of Education officials were interviewed for additional data. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of both close and open-ended questions to capture quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics aided by SPSS version 25 computer software and Excel worksheets, and presented using tables and figures. The findings established that 86% of the TVET institutions carried out regular situational analysis as part of their strategy review process to enhance graduate employability, with 68% of the reviews dictated by market trends, 48% by availability of financial resources, 63% by competitiveness of courses, and 94% educational resources. The study concluded that situational analysis was an important element of strategy review that should be embraced by all TVET institutions. However, a number of the institutions were unable to carry out regular situational analysis due to lack of financial and human resource capacities to institute and implement this process in a regular manner and to a right scale. The study recommended that TVET institutions should create budgets for regular and thorough situational analysis.
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Anwar, J., & Hasnu, S. A. F. (2017). Ideology, Purpose, Core Values and Leadership: How they influence the Vision of an Organization? International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(3), 168-184.
Apunda, E. A., de Klerk, H. M., & Ogina, T. (2017). Technical knowledge and skills development in the informal sector in Kenya: The case of custom tailors. International Review of Education, 63(3), 341-361.
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Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago press.
Buunaaisie, C., Manyara, A. M., Annett, H., Bird, E. L., Bray, I., Ige, J., & Evans, D. (2018). Employability and career experiences of international graduates of MSc Public Health: a mixed methods study. Public Health, 160, 62–69.
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Gachunga, M. N., Karanja, P. N., & Kihara, A. N. (2020a). Influence of Strategic Innovation Management on Competitiveness of Technical Vocational Education and Training (Tvet) Institutions in Kenya. International Journal Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11), 1334–1346.
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Hanni, M. (2019) Financing of education and technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Macroeconomics of Developmentseries, No. 200 (LC/TS.2019/29/Rev.1), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 2019.
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Lythe, D. (2018). Assessment of the National Technical and Vocational Qualifications Framework and roadmap for development of the Bangladesh Qualifications Framework. October 2018
Nganga, G. (2023). TVET council re-established to drive graduate employability. Retrieved from https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230412000743107
Ngugi, S. W. (2019). Management practices and implementation of strategic plans in vocational training centers in Kiambu County, Kenya. Accessed online at https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/20687/Management
Nyaga, J., Karanja, K., & Kithae, P. P. (2017). Effect Of Technical Education Policies On Technology Adoption Amongst Micro And Small Enterprises In Kenya.
Obwoge E., (2016). E-Learning in TVET: An opportunity for developing countries. In IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies. Researchgate
Oluoch, G. (2019). A Review of the Status of TVET Institutions in the Revitalization of the Collapsed Textile Industry in Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 4(1), 77-83. Retrieved from https://www.afritvetjournal.org/index.php/Afritvet/article/view/83
Orangi, A. K., Wandaka, I. W., & Ngige, L. W. (2016). Analysis of Infrastructural Support and Trainer attributes in TVET institutions in Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 1(1), 41-52.
Oviawe, J.I et al (2017). Bridging the gap to meet Technical, Vocational and Education and Training school-workplace collaboration in the 21st century. International Journal of Education and Training Research vol, 3 NO. 1pp. 7-14. ISSN 2469-8199.
Sankale, J. (2019). Determinants of demand for technical and vocational training among the youth in Kajiado County, Kenya. Available online at http://ir.jkuat.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/5021/
Statista (2022). Number of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) Institutions from 2013 to 2020. Accessed online at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1237840/tvet-institutions-in-kenya/
Stone, J.R. (2012). Work and Education in America: Reflection on US Perspectives on VET. Dordrecht: Springer Science.
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET CDACC) (2021). Strategic Plan (2021-2025). Available online at https://www.tvetcdacc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/TVET-CDACC-STRATEGIC-PLAN-2021-2025.pdf
UNESCO (2021) Situational Analysis of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in SADC Member States. Accessed online at file:///C:/Users/KIZITO/Downloads/Situational_Analysis_of_TVET_in_SADC_Member_States.pdf
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Yeok M. H. K., Basit, A., & Zubair, H. (2018). The Impact of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance of Small Medium Enterprises (SME) in Malaysia. Journal of Leadership and Management, 13 (18) 154-166.
Ajithkumar, U. (2017). A Study of the Problems Faced by Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) in India as Perceived by Different Stakeholders. In Technical Education and Vocational Training in Developing Nations. IGI Global. (pp. 151-176)
Anwar, J., & Hasnu, S. A. F. (2017). Ideology, Purpose, Core Values and Leadership: How they influence the Vision of an Organization? International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(3), 168-184.
Apunda, E. A., de Klerk, H. M., & Ogina, T. (2017). Technical knowledge and skills development in the informal sector in Kenya: The case of custom tailors. International Review of Education, 63(3), 341-361.
Asha, K, Balasubramanian, K. & Alexis, C. (2019): Changing the TVET paradigm: new models for lifelong learning, International Journal of Training Research, 17:sup1, 54- 68, DOI: 10.1080/14480220.2019.162972
Becker, G. S. (1992). Human capital and the economy. Proceedings of the American philosophical society, 136(1), 85-92.
Becker, G. S. (1993). Nobel lecture: The economic way of looking at behavior. Journal of political economy, 101(3), 385-409.
Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago press.
Buunaaisie, C., Manyara, A. M., Annett, H., Bird, E. L., Bray, I., Ige, J., & Evans, D. (2018). Employability and career experiences of international graduates of MSc Public Health: a mixed methods study. Public Health, 160, 62–69.
Dagnino, G. B., King, D. R. & Tienari, J. (2017) Strategic management of dynamic growth. Long Range Planning. 50(4), 427– 430.
Gachunga, M. N., Karanja, P. N., & Kihara, A. N. (2020a). Influence of Strategic Innovation Management on Competitiveness of Technical Vocational Education and Training (Tvet) Institutions in Kenya. International Journal Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11), 1334–1346.
Gachunga, N. M, Karanja, N. P. & Kihara, A. N. (2020b). Leadership In Technical Vocational Training: An Analysis Of The Influence Of Leadership Commitment On The Competitiveness Of TVET Institutions In Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 10, Issue 12. Accessed at https://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-1220/ijsrp-p10839.pdf
Geleto, L. (2017). Technical Vocational Education Training Institute Curriculum Development in Ethiopia. Journal of Education and Vocational Research (ISSN 2221-2590) Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 16-28
Gillies, D. (2011). State education as high-yield investment: Human capital theory in European policy discourse. Journal of Pedagogy/Pedagogický casopis, 2(2).
Hanni, M. (2019) Financing of education and technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Macroeconomics of Developmentseries, No. 200 (LC/TS.2019/29/Rev.1), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 2019.
Hippach-Schneider, U. (2019). The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe. VET in higher education: country case studies. Case study focusing on Germany. Accessed online at. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/germany_cedefop_changing_nature_of_vet_cas study/pdf
Hordósy, R., Clark, T., and Vickers, D. (2018). Lower income students and the ‘double deficit’ of part-time work: undergraduate experiences of finance, studying and employability. Journal of Education and Work, 00(00), 1–13.
Ismail, J. Bin, Chik, C. T., & Hemdi, M. A. (2021). TVET Graduate Employability: Mismatching Traits Between Supply and Demand. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(13), 223–243.
Kamer, L. (2022). Students in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Kenya 2013-2020. Accessed online at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1237853/students-enrolled-in-tvet-institutions-in-kenya/
Kathure, C. & Mbijjiwe, M. (2014). Vocational Skills Development for Youths in the Informal Sector of the Economy in Africa. Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 15, Issue 6 (Jan. 2014), PP 81-87 www.iosrjournals.org.
Kenya Institute of Special Education (KISE) (2019). A Situational analysis of inclusive education practices in Technical and Vocational Training Institutions in Kenya. Accessed online at https://kise.ac.ke/system/files/2022-01/FINAL
Khan, A. (2019). Situation analysis of Bangladesh TVET sector: a background work for a TVET SWAp. Accessed at https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A86943
Knox, J., and Stone, M. (2018). Embedding employability skills for the legal professionals of the future. The Law Teacher, 00(00), 1–12.
Lythe, D. (2018). Assessment of the National Technical and Vocational Qualifications Framework and roadmap for development of the Bangladesh Qualifications Framework. October 2018
Nganga, G. (2023). TVET council re-established to drive graduate employability. Retrieved from https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230412000743107
Ngugi, S. W. (2019). Management practices and implementation of strategic plans in vocational training centers in Kiambu County, Kenya. Accessed online at https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/20687/Management
Nyaga, J., Karanja, K., & Kithae, P. P. (2017). Effect Of Technical Education Policies On Technology Adoption Amongst Micro And Small Enterprises In Kenya.
Obwoge E., (2016). E-Learning in TVET: An opportunity for developing countries. In IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies. Researchgate
Oluoch, G. (2019). A Review of the Status of TVET Institutions in the Revitalization of the Collapsed Textile Industry in Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 4(1), 77-83. Retrieved from https://www.afritvetjournal.org/index.php/Afritvet/article/view/83
Orangi, A. K., Wandaka, I. W., & Ngige, L. W. (2016). Analysis of Infrastructural Support and Trainer attributes in TVET institutions in Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 1(1), 41-52.
Oviawe, J.I et al (2017). Bridging the gap to meet Technical, Vocational and Education and Training school-workplace collaboration in the 21st century. International Journal of Education and Training Research vol, 3 NO. 1pp. 7-14. ISSN 2469-8199.
Sankale, J. (2019). Determinants of demand for technical and vocational training among the youth in Kajiado County, Kenya. Available online at http://ir.jkuat.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/5021/
Statista (2022). Number of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) Institutions from 2013 to 2020. Accessed online at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1237840/tvet-institutions-in-kenya/
Stone, J.R. (2012). Work and Education in America: Reflection on US Perspectives on VET. Dordrecht: Springer Science.
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET CDACC) (2021). Strategic Plan (2021-2025). Available online at https://www.tvetcdacc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/TVET-CDACC-STRATEGIC-PLAN-2021-2025.pdf
UNESCO (2021) Situational Analysis of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in SADC Member States. Accessed online at file:///C:/Users/KIZITO/Downloads/Situational_Analysis_of_TVET_in_SADC_Member_States.pdf
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Yeok M. H. K., Basit, A., & Zubair, H. (2018). The Impact of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance of Small Medium Enterprises (SME) in Malaysia. Journal of Leadership and Management, 13 (18) 154-166.